|
''This article is about the rail company in Pakistan. For technical details and operations see: Transport in Pakistan.'' Pakistan Railways (), formerly also known as the Pakistan Western Railway between 1947 to 1974, is the a national state-owned railway company of Pakistan. Founded in 1886 and headquartered in Lahore, it owns approximately of track all across Pakistan, stretching from Torkham to Karachi. == History == (詳細はKarachi becoming a major seaport after large part of Sindh fell to British East India company by 1843. Sir Henry Edward Frere, who was appointed as the Commissioner of Sindh, sought permission from Lord Dalhousie to begin a survey for a Karachi seaport and a survey for a railway line in 1858. The railway line would be laid from Karachi to Kotri where a steamboat service (Indus Flotilla) on the Indus and Chenab rivers would connect Kotri to Multan; from Multan another railway line would be laid to Lahore and beyond. On 13 May 1861, the first railway line was opened to the public, between Karachi and Kotri, with a length of . A Lahore-Multan railway line was opened for traffic on 24 April 1865. On 6 October 1876 three bridges on the Ravi, Chenab and Jhelum rivers were completed and a Lahore-Jhelum railway line opened. On 1 July 1878 a Lodhran-Pano Akil section was inaugurated. By 1885, there were four railway companies operating in what would become Pakistan: Scinde (Sindh) Railways, Indus Flotilla Company, Punjab Railway and Delhi Railways. These were amalgamated into the Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railways Company and purchased by the Secretary of State in 1885 and named North Western State Railway in January 1886. Later on it was renamed to North Western Railway (NWR). In 1857 that William Andrew (Chairman of Scinde, Punjab and Delhi Railway) suggested that the railways to the Bolan Pass would have a role in responding to any threat by Russia. During the second Afghan War (1878–80) between Britain and Afghanistan, there was a need to construct a railway line up to Quetta in order to get easier access to the frontier. On 18 September 1879, under the orders of the Viceroyal council, work begun on laying the railway tracks, and after four months the first 215 km of line from Ruk to Sibi was completed; it became operational in January 1880. Beyond Sibi the terrain was very difficult. After immense difficulties and harsh weather conditions, it was March 1887 when the railway line, over 320 km long, finally reached Quetta.〔(''Railways of Afghanistan'' "Railways and the Great Game" access date: 1 February 2012 )〕 On 27 October 1878 a Kotri-Sukkur railway line on west bank of Indus river was opened for traffic. The Lansdowne Bridge over the Indus connecting Rohri and Sukkur was inaugurated on 25 March 1889. The completion of the bridge connected Karachi with Peshawar by rail. By 1898, as the network began to grow, a line was proposed from Peshawar to Karachi. It closely followed the route taken by Alexander the Great and his army while marching through the Hindu Kush to the Arabian Sea. During the early 20th century, railway lines were also laid down between Peshawar and Rawalpindi and Rawalpindi to Lahore. Sections on the existing main line from Peshawar and branch lines were constructed in the last quarter of the 19th century and the early 20th century. In 1947 when Pakistan gained independence, 8,122 route kilometers (5,048 mi) of railway were transferred to Pakistan. Of this 6,880 route kilometers (4,280 mi) were , were , and were narrow gauge.〔Wikipedia: Metre gauge railway〕〔Wikipedia: Narrow gauge railway〕 In 1954, the railway line was extended to Mardan and Charsada, and in 1956 the Jacobabad-Kashmore gauge line was converted into . In 1974, the North Western Railways was renamed Pakistan Railways. The Kot Adu-Kashmore line was constructed between 1969 and 1973 providing an alternative route from Karachi to northern Pakistan. In February 2006 the Mirpur Khas-Khokhrapar 126 km metre gauge railway line was converted to Indian gauge. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pakistan Railways」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|